Classism, Racism, and Other Prejudices Essay

The media can cause a lot of controversies among individuals we consider different. Because of the media’s popularity, people tend to absorb products of the media whether it is stereotypes, conspiracy theories, urban legends, etc. Stereotypes are tools the media uses to communicate to the public of a person’s â€Å"ideal† picture. â€Å"Stereotypes make cognitive processing about our complex social worlds easier and more efficient† (Connie Wolfe, â€Å"Stereotypes and Prejudice†). In the case of the prejudices, the media gives an image to the audience of someone’s behavior, physical features, intelligence, and other characteristics based on their background so the public can generalize and place individuals into categories. Angeline F. Price, who wrote â€Å"Working Class Whites†, quotes, â€Å"The hatred and condescension of the poor seems to be the last available method of prejudice in our society† (para. 14). In other words, she implies the real reason for stereotyping is the bitterness of human kind for the joy of having negative attitudes towards any minority just as long as it is not seen as too prejudiced by the public eye. Another sin of human kind is the comparison of one’s own lifestyle to those who have a different way of life in order to satisfy their need of superiority. Whenever we stereotype, we are unconsciously hiding a guilty sin: pride. The desire for superiority may cause intolerance, and perhaps hate crimes for a certain or several groups. Because of economic and cultural improvements, traditional stereotyping is not as popular and realistic as it was back then. For example, due to better education in public schools, low-income families have been closing the gap between high and low-income that the generations before them could not fulfill. As more people who are ethnically or financially different are seen as possessing opposite characteristics as the media’s depiction, the more we start to doubt what we seen on television or film is applicable to real-world circumstances. In addition, we have educated our youth on hate crimes like racism and sexism can land them in penalties in an effort to raise future awareness. At a young age, we were also taught to tolerate and include others no matter their diversity. Ueberroth quotes, â€Å"The challenge we have is to manage change without losing tradition† (quoted in para. 45). Although spreading awareness will lead to better opportunities and respect for minorities, it can also make traditional values harder to preserve. For instance, the modern average woman is the working business mother opposed to the ideal traditional housewife back then as women started to be more independent. Even though human ecological modernization is important, some third-world countries cannot remove themselves from their traditional values, fearing future economic problems as well as religious issues. For example, a country with a below average employment rate could not hire have currently married women hired unless if in acceptable circumstances (i. e. too many children for the husband to financially provide for) because working women increase workplace population, which makes it difficult for jobless men and women.

Polyhydroxybutyrate Phb

Polyhydroxybutyrate PHB Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a polymer belonging to the polyesters class. Progress Analysis: – Bacteria first used to make PHB in 1925 at Pastuer Institute in Paris. – In 1970’s adopted by Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) – Alcaligenes Eutrophus grown in fermentation vats with Molasses – The bacteria is then starved of nutrients (glucose and nitrogen) – PHB is produced as an energy store for the bacteria. In 1980’s Maddison University (Virgina) successfully cloned the 3 genes of A. Eutrophus that control PHB production and transferred them to Escherichia coli – an easier bacteria to work with allowing easier manipulation of the polymer depended on the need. – In 1990’s the 3 genes were cloned into sugar beets and turnips – much larger scale production of polymer. Work continuing (with Monsanto – company bought patent) into cloning genes to corn. Production: The manufacturing process of PHB begins with sunlight.Through photosynthesis carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is converted to carbohydrates via sugar beets or sugar cane. These carbohydrates (like Lactose, Fructose and Glucose) are the raw material for the manufacturing of PHB. Uses: †¢In medicine, PHB is compatible with the blood and tissues of mammals. The monomer of PHB is a normal metabolic in the human blood. As the body reabsorbs PHB it might be used as a surgical implant, in surgery, as seam threads for the healing of wounds and blood vessels. In pharmacology, PHB can be used as microcapsules in therapy or as materials for cell and tablet packaging. †¢In packaging for deep drawing articles in the food industry, for example, bottles, laminated foils, fishnets, potted flower, hygiene, fast food, one-way cups, agricultural foils and fibres in textile. Advantages of PHB: †¢Good mechanical properties, especially when low density and price are taken int o account. †¢Recyclable, renewable and non-abrasive to manufacturing equipment. †¢PHB is hydrophobic, therefore protects natural ? res from moisture sensitivity. †¢Mechanical properties are comparable to other polymers used (e. g. PP). †¢PHB has a fast degradation rate compared to other plastics. (months in sewage and years in sea water) yet ultra violet light can speed up this process. †¢The main advantage in the medical field is that PHB is a biodegradable plastic which can be inserted into the human body and does not have to be removed again. †¢Can be manipulated genically therefore can be used for many things Disadvantages of PHB: †¢It has a tendency to be brittle. Costs four times as much as polyethylene (it’s major competitor) †¢Cheaper to produce necessary materials from petrochemical industry. †¢Large scale production in early stages. †¢Uses sugarcane which can decrease biodiversity such as in Brazil. Evaluative Conclu sion: PHB has huge potetial as polymer for future,this is due to its main advantages such as being biodegradable and it has an ease of manipulation. This is good although work must be done to make it cheaper. Also work must be done to reduce the very large scale production in the early stages of production.There needs to be a way to make this plastic from cellulose in plant cell walls rather than from sugarcane alone. As the petrochemical industry supplies become scarce the price of PHB will go down, which is good for future use. Links Used: http://sundoc. bibliothek. uni-halle. de/diss-online/02/02H017/t2. pdf http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Biopolymer http://www. gotessays. com/essays/543/index. php http://umpir. ump. edu. my/696/1/Aimi_Salma_Awalludin. pdf

Stakeholders within Health Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Stakeholders within Health Care - Essay Example Those considering career in the healthcare sector should consider impacting the world and not just America. Â   Medical education and schools have changed over time as is evidenced by a greater preference for careers in radiology, surgical subspecialties and dermatology to family medicine, pediatrics and internal medicine. The predominant ethnic (racial) group is the white American. This is because, the data produced by the Association of American Medical Colleges showed that there were more white medical colleges in the US than medical colleges belonging to people of color. Even if the number of African Americans graduating with a medical degree is high in historically black medical colleges, they are significantly outnumbered in traditionally white medical colleges. Presently, women are dominating medical schools by 52% (Turner and Avison, 2011). Turner, R. J. and Avison, W. R. (2012). Status Variations in Stress Exposure: Implications for the Interpretation of Research on Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Gender. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 44 (4), 488 – 505 It is important to understand the impact of a diagnosis on a consumer because it helps in the administration of accurate treatment or medical intervention, and thereby helping in the actualization of the principle of beneficence (Churgay and Aftab (2012). Proper diagnosis helps the health care provider: know the magnitude and nature of the healthcare complication he is dealing with; administer accurate treatment; discharge his role confidently; and to observe the principles of medical ethics such as beneficence and non-maleficence. Results from the diagnosis will also become an important part of the patient’s health records. As a healthcare professional understanding the impact of a diagnosis on the various stakeholders is important because it enhances

Delve into the concept of the benefits in human development and Research Paper

Delve into the concept of the benefits in human development and leadership - Research Paper Example Therefore it is essential for all organizations to have a structured leadership and development program for the employees. The prosperity of any organization depends on how well the leadership qualities are instilled and how the skills can be developed. Research question How the development of leadership qualities among the employees is essential for the growth of the organization? Thesis Statement Incorporation of leadership training skills enhances the performance of the employees and thereby the progress of the organization. Overview This essay first makes a review of the various past researches and studies that have been conducted on this topic. Then a secondary research has been done to analyze the ways in which this development of the leadership skill is undertaken. Finally the research question has been addressed to provide an insight into the different kinds of issues that come up in the course of the study. Literature Review Various studies indicate that there are several es sential qualities that the leaders of any organization must possess. There are mainly eight of these qualities that contribute to the making of a successful leader. A leader must have the qualities of being communicative with the colleagues and the subordinates (Bartram, 2005). He must have the capability to support and cooperate with the other employees. Along with that he must have the skills of analyzing the situations and interpret them to the people concerned. A leader must have skills for organizing and carrying out the plans that he has formulated. For this a lot of creativity and enterprising ability is also required. Since an individual may not have all these qualities in the early stages of his career, a continuous development and training is necessary to groom these professionals into a successful leader. A leader cannot deliver his duties unless these qualities are inculcated into him in the right manner. If any opportunity for learning arises for the top or the middle l evel management the human resources department needs to find out the areas where the improvement of these individuals is essential. On the other hand according to some researchers it is indispensible for all organizations to run on a definite model of leadership competency (Hollenbeck, McCall and Silzer, 2006). Thus according to them a more comprehensive approach needs to be taken for pursuing effective leadership where the dimensions under various circumstances and in cases of personal behavior has to be taken. Thus under different situations leaders would take the path of different leadership styles. In most of the cases of limited communication between the top management and the junior management, the autocratic style of leadership would be adopted. On the other hand sometimes leaders prefer to be democratic or participative where the decision making power rests on the hands of the employees as much as it remains with the leader or the top officials. Thus specific continuum has b een provided for the different dimensions of leadership so that the leaders of a specific organization can be fit into a definite type. Hence a ideal leader should have a balance of all these qualities. Byrne and Rees in their study have provided and insight practical aspect of the development of leadership in any organization. They provided different

Lab2 Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lab2 - Lab Report Example The page also provides information about the career path certificates for those who may want to specialize. On the page is other information relating to service courses such as computer software tools and computer programming tools (Lane, 1996). In case a student needs financial aid, he or she can visit the Student Resource Center (SRC), located on the second floor of Building 1, Room 206. The SRC personnel helps students in solving non-academic matters while in the campus or the community. Under life and family, there is support for a wide range of information. The information provided include childcare, where families of the students can enroll their children in child care. Counseling guides students on academic, career and personal needs. Disability resources announcing the resources available for students with special needs. Health clinic provides information on healthcare for students. Housing & Titan Court, advising students on the best and affordable houses they can rent. Multi-cultural center gives information on where students can get best hospitality services. Other information under current students’ resources include employment, transportation, veteran’s services and women’s center (Lane, 1996). Academic advising department provides each student with program advising team. Electronic advisory services such as Moodle. The electronic resources help the students research and discover answers to a wide range of academic and career questions (Lane, 1996). a) The information on this page is varied, though all related to the University of Oregon. It provides links to the various section of the university. For instance, there is information on job openings, maps detailing directions to the University, the office of admissions, blackboard, academics and events calendar. The page also provides links to some institutes of the university like the Institute on violence and destructive behavior. b) The URL opens a webpage

Hand Hygiene Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hand Hygiene - Article Example Medicinenet.com (2007) defined hygiene as "The science of preventive medicine and the preservation of health. From the name of Hygeia, the daughter of Asklepios, the Greek god of medicine (whose staff with entwined snake is the symbol of medicine). Asklepios (known to the Romans as Aesculapius) had a number of children including not only Hygeia but also Panaceia, the patroness of clinical medicine. Hygeia also followed her father into medicine. As the patroness of health, Hygeia was charged with providing a healthy environment to prevent illness. In Greek, "hygieia" means health." It is a fact that, the hands is the most exposed external part of the body, primarily, it is because of the things that hands, is the body part that holds different things regardless of whether clean or not. Specifically, it is the function of this body part. If it is established that hands are the parts that hold and touch different things. During the duration of holding and touching different things, hands are exposed to different viruses and bacteria, including toxins and other chemicals which are harmful to the health of a certain person. However, these harmful elements cannot penetrate the human body without entering the entry points to the internal area of the body. This can be made possible by eating without washing the infected hand, penetration of these harmful elements on pores and nails which can cause possible internal and external infection should these elements are present in the hands.Also, in different hospitals and medical institutions wherein nurses and doctors sometimes are attending more than one patient contamination of germs and diseases if possible and can be transmitted from one patient to the other and even these medical practitioner and staff if these health workers don't practice hand hygiene. Basically, if hea lth workers are not observing hand hygiene, how could one expect an ordinary individual to practice the aforementioned hygiene The website medscape.com (2001) pointed out that "The challenge of hand hygiene promotion could be summarized in one question: How can health-care workers' behavior be changed Tools for change are known; some have been tested, and others need to be tested. Some may prove irrelevant in the future; others have worked in some institutions and need to be tested in others. Infection control professionals should promote and conduct outstanding research and provide solutions to improve health-care worker adherence with hand hygiene and enhance patient safety." In adopting hand hygiene, one must understand that applying the principle doesn't rely on the washing and sanitizing of hands alone. It is in the way how hands are being utilized to contain and hold several harmful elements. Instead of containing such elements with bare hands, the use of gloves is also an important part of hand hygiene to protect one's self. There are a lot of things to be considered in order to imply and practice hand hygiene in several manners. The Department of Health and Human Services of the United States stressed the needs of using hand gloves on infected patients directing that "A single pair of patient care gloves should be worn for contact with blood and body fluids, including during hand contact with respiratory secretions (e.g., providing oral care, handling soiled tissues). Gloves made of latex, vinyl, nitrile, or other synthetic materials are

Luxembourg Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Luxembourg - Personal Statement Example As such they rely on international trade for their agricultural produce. One effect of globalization is that it pushes countries to concentrate on the good or service that they excel in and just import everything else. Through globalization, all the goods of all the countries become open and available for everyone in what is called a global market. As such, if a country finds it hard and expensive to produce a certain good, it would buy it from another country instead. For example, a country with a cold climate like Alaska cannot produce mangoes as such only grows in tropical countries. If it would still insist on producing mangoes, it would have to build a facility with artificial sunlight and heat. This would be extremely expensive. However with globalization, it would be cheaper for Alaska to import mangoes from Mexico or from Asian countries. Alaska can now concentrate on its petroleum extraction, a thing they do best. In our first example, Arab countries produce petroleum products but cannot produce adequate agricultural products for their citizens. Since they need to import agriculture products, they need money. As such, instead of producing just an adequate amount of petrol for their domestic consumption, they need to produce more so they can sell it and earn the money they need for the importation. Therefore it

Color Revolutions and Democracy promotion Research Paper

Color Revolutions and Democracy promotion - Research Paper Example The term â€Å"color revolutions† is largely used in describing as a single phenomenon various non-violent protests that have succeeded in ousting or overthrowing totalitarian regimes during the twenty-first century’s first decade (Finkel and Brudny, 2013). This phenomenon has involved thousands of people who wear colored symbols, take to the streets, as well as show their discontent with the incumbent regime. At the same time, the opposition is legitimized by the same crowds and therefore being able to negotiate political or regime change with the authorities. The term, geographically, has tended to encompass only post-communist states in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. However, there is evidence that such movements have also been started in the Middle East (Beachain and Polese, 2010). This paper will discuss the color revolutions in Georgia, Serbia, and Ukraine and the process of democracy promotion afterwards by focusing on the influence of outside forces . The Republic of Georgia was one of the fifteen former Soviet Union republics to start a transition towards a state based on democracy and market economy, in 1991, following the disintegration of the Soviet Union coupled with the abolition of both the Comecon and the Warsaw Pact (Stewart, 2012). The color revolution in Georgia was symbolized by the Georgian Revolution of Roses often translated as â€Å"Rose Revolution†. This revolution is seen through five factors: external forces, the people, the civil society, the opposition, and the character of the regime. Ever since Georgia declared itself independent in 1991 under the leadership of Zviad Gamsakhurdia, it was a country in transition from totalitarianism towards free market economy and democracy (MacKinnon, 2008). Political theorists argue that enhancement of democracy is done by individuals embedded in certain

Computer Software and Information System Computer Software Essay Example for Free

Computer Software and Information System Computer Software Essay Computer software and information system computer software is no longer a major barrier to wide use of wireless information systems [writers name] [institutes name] computer software is no longer a major barrier to wide use of wireless information systems introduction to know about the connection of these topics it is must to know about the link between these phrases as well as the basic concept of these two. firstly to know what is computer software and wireless information systems and then secondly to discuss about their affects upon each other. computer software is basically some programs or events that are written just to achieve certain functions by the software engineers. events are the set of steps that is written and combined to make a program. Now there arises a question that what is a program then the answer of this question is that: programs are basically a set of rules and instructions on the basis of which a computer act to achieve certain functions. to perform specific set of actions on computers intelligently or normally is the basic need to write a program. wireless information systems are basically the systems that used wireless. what is wireless and why and how question arises then wireless as its name shows that it means some sort of transport of data and information among wireless devices without using wires. it can be used in form of mobiles pdas and on large scale radio is the example of it. Wireless information systems can be range on mobiles wireless devices and networks. the device used for it is basically a device that is installed first and then it can be used. wireless network and information processing system 2008 certain dependencies in case of wireless information systems there are certain dependencies. among those dependencies some of them are very basic and are: mobility of the user mobility of the resource explanation these dependencies can be differentiated in a way that in case of user mobility it can be in the form of travelling user whereas the case with the second dependency is that a network if created among multiple pdas and now in this case if the pdas are moving. Along with this dependency there is certain other as well. just to be focus on the actual behavior of the wireless and then wireless information systems only two are mentioned here to emphasize the main and important factors affecting the wireless in general. important features to consider about there are certain tendencies that are important to know about these systems. according to these information systems have to develop first. while developing these systems a software engineer needs to know the protocols specific rules of dealing on networks and standard to follow upon them and then to develop finally feldman 2007 there are certain standards that need to follow while considering wireless. In this way there appears a need to select a standard according to the type of wireless information system. those standards are as follows: iee802.11 iee802.11a iee802.11b iee802.11g iee802.16 iee802.16a open air home based blue tooth based discussion after implementation of these steps architecture to develop a software program is required. when these wireless systems developed then these should cope with the problem fairly on real time. if an architecture of software program is designed in such a way that it is safe for security flexibility and other issues as well. if technology is implemented selected in an improved way then an information system can work well. if there are leaks in the design and programming tactics and technology implementation then there would be a lot of leak in the system as well that result in a very severe or drastic problem. in this way it can be say that software programs that developed to resolve a problem needs attention in all these metrics to work up on and to get a better result. If there is a better program written by a programmer who is reliable and portable efficient and of strong functionality then fulfill the better requirement in this case. whereas if we are talking about the wireless information systems things become more sensitive as we are dealing on real time and gather a lot of security risks. thats why after applying and implementing rules and regulations and following the standards will get the better results. the use of wireless information systems is beneficial for the companies and organization in various ways first of all it is accessible in minimum resources. it reduces the time and mobility issues problem and enhances the productivity of the organization in this regard. wireless networking in the developing world session 2007 the use of wireless management systems can improve the effectiveness of applying multiple procedures. output of these procedures when resulted in a good form then increased or enhanced the productivity of the organizat ion in a fast manner. Well reputed industries companies and organizations are referring towards these wireless information systems that is very fast growing. along with all this there are still new advancements are just coming on the way to increase the quality of the projects or to attain the benefits of the technologies as much as it can be. references phillip m. feldman 2007 emerging commercial mobile wireless technology and standards suitable for the army: http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/mr960/index.htmlwireless network and information processing system 2008 wireless network and information processing system 2008: http://www.freepatentsonline.com/7433699.htmlwireless networking in the developing world session 2007 wireless networking in the developing world session wireless network: http://wirelesssummit.org/content/cwns-and-developing-world

Transculture Final Essay Example for Free

Transculture Final Essay The movie Hotel Rwanda focuses on the story of a man named Paul Rusesabagina, a manager of a European-owned hotel in Rwanda. By creating a seret refuge camp in the hotel, Rusesabagina was able to help save the lives of 1, 200 Tutsis from the Hutus during the brutal genocide in 1994.   The gist of the film is depicted in the underlying genius of how the film was able to portray a hellish event without using too much distressing scenes just to be able to show the audience the brutality of the genocide, the narrative of political criticism and comments from the lines spoken by the artists   served as a replacement for these scenes   leaving it to one’s imagination on how severe the true event was. Many social issues were touched in the film. For one, the indifference of the West towards the African lives is believed to be the reason behind the genocide. (Theis, 2004). Another is that the social structure as to who should be on top and who should have the power is discussed all through out the film since the genocide was planned by the Hutus long before to take in effect the   â€Å"one man-one vote† which served as an opportunity for them to kill as many Tutsi Christians. (â€Å"Hotel Rwanda†), this is not only in a political sense but in a religious perspective as well. Many of these issues exist not only in Africa but also in other countries which remain unresolved.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the most straining parts of the movie is the presence of the peacekeepers and their inability to intervene because they were told not to and this makes the situation more devastating for the hopeful Tutsi. The tension showed in the film address the inability of some to be able to help in giving out solutions to the problem even if it already requires personal judgment. What really makes me uncomfortable is the inequality shown in the film and the brutal solutions done. It is also frustrating to see that while most of the foreign nationals were saved from the holocaust many of the Tutsi are left hoping to be saved by the intervention of others and relying only in the abilities of one man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This film allowed me to reflect more on my social responsibilities the way it has challenged Paul to help his family and still be able continue to saving lives of others without questioning personal judgment. Moreover, the film was able to show me how one man can make a difference during desperate times and create measures that may appear as inevitable to others. References Theis, P. 2004. Hero. Off Off Off.   Retrieved June 18, 2008 from http://www.offoffoff.com/film/2004/hotelrwanda.php Hotel Rwanda. Frontline Fellowship. Retrieved June 18, 2008 from http://www.frontline.org.za/articles/hotel_rwanda.htm

Crusades From the 11th to 13th Century

Crusades From the 11th to 13th Century Account for enthusiasm for crusading from the 11th to the 13th century. The following will discuss, evaluate, and account for the enthusiasm for crusading from the 11th through to the 13th century. Crusading was the name given to the attempts of Western European Christians to regain the lands and the territories in the Middle East lost due to the advance of Islamic forces. The lands, which the varying crusading forces, were primarily interested in regaining from Islamic control were those territories within the Holy Land, especially Jerusalem. All these territories had formally been under Christian control as part of the Byzantine Empire, which had once dominated the Middle East. At the start of the 11th century the Byzantine Empire still remained the dominant power in the Balkans and other parts of Eastern Europe. The Byzantine Empire had not been able to halt the advance of Islamic forces from the late 7th century and had not received any military or naval assistance that had halted the Islamic incursions from Western Europe. Although politically divid ed Western Europe was overwhelming Christian in religious terms with the papacy holding a great deal of influence over religious beliefs even if it could not exercise political power? As will be discussed below the original motivations for launching the crusades were primarily religious and those motivations continued from the 11th century through to the 13th century. The religious beliefs and views of the Western Europeans had a strong upon their enthusiasm for crusading and their subsequent behaviour towards both Muslims and the Orthodox Christians they came in to contact with. For the papacy and indeed for many of the Christians within Western Europe the occupation of the Holy Land by Muslims was an intolerable situation which needed to be reversed so that those territories would once again come under Christian control, as they had been part of the Byzantine Empire. Although the Muslims allowed Christian pilgrims to visit the Holy Land and permitted freedom of worship to the Christians and the Jews who still lived there, that did not lower Western European enthusiasm for taking the Holy Land out of Muslim hands. The way in which the crusades were conducted provided ample proof that the religious fervour of the Roman Catholic church which did the most to stimulate support for the crusades was highly intolerant of Islam and Eastern Orthodox Christianity alike. The actual fact Muslims had control of these lands was bitterly resented by the Christians of Western Europe in general, and the Papacy in particular. There was a prevailing sense that this situation w as unacceptable and only a temporary sign of weakness within Christianity was a continuous source of enthusiasm for crusading (Roberts, 1996, p. 158). Whilst the Muslims still controlled part or all of the Holy Land then enthusiasm for starting and then continuing the crusades was always likely to remain strong. The strong religious beliefs and dare it be said, prejudices were deeply held within Western Europe between the 11th and 13th centuries, with the result that the crusades remained popular as did the urge to carry on crusading. The first crusade would provide enough momentum to inspire a further three crusades in the period as well as the establishment of crusader kingdoms in the Holy Land. The crusades would heighten the conflict between Western Christianity; it also soured its relationship with the Byzantine Empire and the Eastern Orthodox churches, culminating in the disastrous fourth crusade and the sack of Constantinople (Angold, 1997, p.10). The Papacy started the enthusiasm for crusading experienced in Western Europe between the 11th and 13th centuries. The first crusade was directly inspired by Pope Urban II who asked for those Western Christians that were capable of going to the Middle East to assist the Byzantine Empire against the expansion of Islamic power in that region should do so (Norwich, 1997, p.256). Urban II’s appeal for people to join the first crusade gained recruits from right across Western Europe. The crusading urge meant that people from states that were rivals or even enemies joined together to fight the Muslims that controlled the Holy Land. The first crusade was truly a multinational fighting force, as were the next three crusades (Connell, 2001, p.8). Urban II’s message that all future crusaders were doing God’s bidding was an astute means of developing and maintaining an enthusiasm for crusading between the 11th and 13th centuries. It was a message that both the Papacy and se cular authorities were more than happy to convey throughout this period (Norwich, 1997 p. 256). The Papacy contended that the crusaders would not only be assured of heavenly treasures during their own after life, the crusaders would be rewarded with earthly treasures as well in their lives before death. For some of those individuals that took part in the crusades the opportunity to gain treasures and their own lands as a result of participation in the crusading campaigns was a greater cause for strong enthusiasm than any other form of motivation. Greed was therefore a strong and virtually continuous factor in the development and the continuing of enthusiasm for crusading between the 11th and 13th centuries. That greed made those that joined the crusades just as dangerous to the Eastern Orthodox Christians of the Middle East as they were to the Muslims who lived in the region (Norwich, 1997 p.257). Indeed, when the crusaders did manage to take land away from the Muslims within the Middle East, the victorious crusaders would set up their own separate kingdoms. The crusader kingdo ms were demonstrations of the greed and the pretensions of the crusaders themselves, the territories that they took control of should have been restored to the Byzantine Empire. If the crusaders had genuinely wished to contain Islamic power within the Middle East region, and aimed to keep the Holy Land under Christian control they would restored Byzantine power in these areas. Arguably a Byzantine Empire that had its Middle East territories restored as a result of the crusades would have been in a better position to keep the Holy Land in Christian hands. It is highly doubtful though if returning all regained territories to the control of the Byzantine Empire would have generated so much enthusiasm for crusading between the 11th and 13th centuries (Roberts, 1996 p. 158). The military and territorial successes of the first crusade was a strong factor in the development and the subsequent maintenance of widespread popular enthusiasm for crusading campaigns between the 11th century through to the 13th century. The forces of the first crusade were able to take possession of Jerusalem away from Muslim control, alongside the Lebanon, and much of Syria. The brutality of the Western European crusader armies during the first crusade made a lasting impression upon the Islamic populations within the Middle East. The onset of the crusades only increased the desire of the Muslim powers within the Middle East region to regain and maintain control of the Holy Land as well as all the other territories lost to the crusaders (Lenman, 2004 p. 214). The crusader kingdoms that were established after the apparent success of the first crusade kept the concept of crusading to the fore front of Western European thought, mainly as a means of recruiting knights and soldiers th at were needed to defend the crusader kingdoms. Knights and soldiers were needed to garrison the forts and to resist the Muslim forces that were relentlessly advancing into the crusaders territory Norwich, 1997 p. 257). The crusader kingdoms did not have enough financial resources and, enough soldiers to maintain their resistance to increasingly powerful and well led Muslim forces for prolonged periods of time. The basic Muslim military strategy was to pick off the crusader kingdoms one by one. The crusader kingdoms were not as well supported from Western Europe as strongly as they would have liked. That lack of substantial levels of support from the crusaders Western European supporters made it easier for the Muslim forces within the Middle East to conquer the territories which they had lost as a result of the first crusade (Roberts, 1996 p. 158). Ironically enough, it was the failure of the crusader kingdoms to survive the successful counter attacks of the Muslim forces within the Middle East region that prompted renewed enthusiasm for crusading. That enthusiasm resulted in the second, third, and fourth crusades throughout the remainder of the period between the 11th and the 13th century. Over all the recruitment drives to persuade people to participate in the crusades were successful, whilst the crusades themselves were military failures as they ultimately failed to restore Christian control over the Holy Land. However the launch of these crusades was a success in terms of ensuring that those crusading remained able to be highly enthusiastic about playing a role in the subsequent conflicts between the crusaders and the Muslim forces. The majority of people in Western Europe had generally held a great deal of confidence in the second crusade being every bit as successful as the first crusade had been. The popular enthusiasm f or crusading during the 11th century and through to the 13th century was assisted by the high levels of confidence that people had in the ability of the crusaders to achieve their objectives (Angold, 1997 p.194). Potentially, at least the third crusade was a campaign that would finally end Muslim control of the Holy Land once and for all. The crusaders were certainly confident of success. The third crusade could also be used to argue that there were significant levels of enthusiasm for crusading as it offered prospects for crusaders to become famous as well as rich. Going on a crusade could allow the individual crusaders the opportunity to enhance their reputations for being brave, being a good military commander, or being a devout defender of the Christian faith. For these reasons, kings, prince’s, and knights were frequent participants in the crusades. In the case of the third crusade, the most notable individual taking part was the English king Richard I, who earned the ni ckname of Richard the Lion heart (Angold, 1997 p. 178). By the time of the fourth crusade in 1204, popular enthusiasm for the practice of crusading still seemed to be very strong. However, the fourth crusade also clearly demonstrated that crusading was more concerned with greed and an increasing dislike of the Eastern Orthodox churches as it was about gaining control of the Holy Land. Instead of improving the position of the Byzantine Empire, the fourth crusade actually reduced it as a consequence of the sacking of Constantinople. The sack of Constantinople was ample demonstration that greed and prejudice were factors that created, developed, and maintained enthusiasm for crusading, as much as religious beliefs and a unmistakable belief of superiority over other religious faiths. There would be further less sustained and much smaller crusades that proved just as incapable as the four main crusades of removing Muslim control of the Holy Land. Ironically enough Jerusalem was briefly regained for Christianity in 1229 by the forces of the Hol y Roman Emperor Frederick II. His personal crusade had been launched to persuade the Papacy to remove the excommunication order against him. The Christian control of Jerusalem was only a short-term success; it was lost to Muslim forces in 1244 (Roberts, 1996 p. 159). Therefore, to conclude there were various factors that explain how and why there was a great deal of enthusiasm for crusading from the 11th century, right through to the end of the 13th century in the countries of Western Europe. The primary inspiration for starting the crusading process had been religious, and religious fervour was a constant reason for maintaining enthusiasm for crusading campaigns throughout the period. The divisions within Christianity has previously allowed the Muslims to gain control not only of the Holy Land, but the bulk of the Middle East, with the Byzantine Empire showing increasing signs of weakness. It was the Papacy under the guidance of Urban II that developed the concept of the crusades as a means of regaining control of the Holy Land and slowing down the decline of the Byzantine Empire. Enthusiasm was bases on the combination of religious fervour, the search for personal fame and fortune, factors that easily maintained popular support for crusading th roughout this period. Greed and religious prejudices were also strong influences in the brutal behaviour of the crusaders who excused their actions by arguing that restoring the Holy Land to Christian control merited earthly as well as heavenly rewards. Bibliography Angold M, (1997) The Byzantine Empire, 1025 – 1204, Longman, London Connell E S, (2001) Deus Lo Volt, a chronicle of the crusades, Pimlico, London Lenman, (2004) Chamber’s Dictionary of World History, Chambers, Edinburgh Norwich J, (1997) A Short History of Byzantium, Viking, London Roberts J.M, (1996) A History of Europe, Penguin, London and New York

Arrogant Attitude of Griffins Black Like Me Essay -- Black Like Me Ess

In The South John Howard Griffin’s chronicled experiences as a black man in his book, â€Å"Black Like Me† is an arrogant if well meaning book. It is arrogant because a 28 day experiment does not compare to the years (especially when learning right from wrong) of prolonged discrimination and racism suffered by African-Americans in the southern United States during the 1950’s. Consider being treated not as a 2nd class citizen, but as a 10th class citizen. Consider being in front of a washroom, but to be told it is for whites only and that you must go to the other side of town to use a â€Å"coloured† washroom. Consider not being allowed to do something just because a white man told you not to. Consider doing menial labor your entire life, even though you have a university education. Consider being an African-American. Those are just some of the hardships that African-Americans in (Specifically but not limited to) the Southern United States. Griffin had the opportunity to go to university and the theatre and all the finer things in life. He had a big house and a cushy job in the sub... Arrogant Attitude of Griffin's Black Like Me Essay -- Black Like Me Ess In The South John Howard Griffin’s chronicled experiences as a black man in his book, â€Å"Black Like Me† is an arrogant if well meaning book. It is arrogant because a 28 day experiment does not compare to the years (especially when learning right from wrong) of prolonged discrimination and racism suffered by African-Americans in the southern United States during the 1950’s. Consider being treated not as a 2nd class citizen, but as a 10th class citizen. Consider being in front of a washroom, but to be told it is for whites only and that you must go to the other side of town to use a â€Å"coloured† washroom. Consider not being allowed to do something just because a white man told you not to. Consider doing menial labor your entire life, even though you have a university education. Consider being an African-American. Those are just some of the hardships that African-Americans in (Specifically but not limited to) the Southern United States. Griffin had the opportunity to go to university and the theatre and all the finer things in life. He had a big house and a cushy job in the sub...

Route March Rest by Vernon Scannell, Night Raid by Desmond Hawkins, :: English Literature

Route March Rest by Vernon Scannell, Night Raid by Desmond Hawkins, The Battle by Louis Simpson - How do the poets communicate emotional or moving responses to war? What do these poems tell us about wartime life and the thoughts and feelings of civilians and soldiers? How do the poets communicate emotional or moving responses to war? The following essay will try to answer the question above. Using references and quotes from three wartime poems I will explain what they tell us about wartime life and the thoughts and feelings of civilians and soldiers. I will also clarify how the poets communicate emotional and moving responses to the disturbing war. The three poems that will be analysed are: Â · Route March Rest - by Vernon Scannell, Â · Night Raid - by Desmond Hawkins, Â · The Battle - by Louis Simpson. I have selected these poems because they contain both similarity and contrast. These aspects are important in order to produce a high-quality essay as they provide a more balanced view of the poems. Both the contrasts and similarities will be shown to give the reader a clearer overview of the poems. The three poems, as mentioned above, have all been written during wartime and therefore display hatred towards the fighting. However, they demonstrate this dislike using different methods. Vernon Scannell's technique in Route March Rest is important as he uses contrasting images and descriptions to create an overall picture of death and dismay. Scannell does this by initially introducing a scene of harshness using such tough words as "skulls", "thumping", "crunched" and "clanked". He then smoothes the picture out by creating a more calmed and restful atmosphere using such soft words as "silent, cool" and "bright as buttercups". But this is short lived as the marching image is reintroduced and the word "die" is placed at the end. Desmond Hawkins technique in Night Raid is very unique as it is done using completely free verses. At the start, strange characters are introduced which immediately creates anxiety. Harsh sentences such as "If there's a bomb made for YOU, You're going to get it" highlight the feelings of distress and misery present in all of the various people. War is also displayed negatively using this sentence: "She was shivering and laughing and throwing her head back". People would not normally be doing this and so it makes the reader link disease-like behaviour with war. Louis Simpson's technique in The Battle is fascinating as he uses repetition, onomatopoeia, tempo and colours to produce an "anti-war" description. The three poems are similar as they are all about the negative aspects of war, but they differ in terms of

Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House and Gustave Flaubert’s Madame Bovary Essay

Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House and Gustave Flaubert’s Madame Bovary both portray significant female characters. Both of these works show 19th Century women striving for freedom. These works reveal the problems women of this time had in trying to become equal with their male counterpart. Nora’s happiness is seen through her time with her children while Emma’s happiness is never seen as she experiences stressful relationships. The female protagonists seek their freedom through secrecy, children and relationships. Nora Helmer from A Doll’s House and Emma Bovary from Madame Bovary are very secretive with their lives. Nora’s secrets range from the hiding of the macaroons (59) to the loan for the sake of Torvald’s health (54). This shows perhaps fear Nora may have with her husband. Nora best shows her secrecy with the clothes she wore for the masquerade party. Emma’s secretive ways stem from her marriage to Charles. Emma hides her affairs with Leon and Rodolphe from an unsuspecting Charles. The affairs show what Emma would do for appreciation. Dramatic irony is expressed with the fact that Charles fails to realize of Emma’s affairs until after her death. Children are another important issue in the women’s lives. Nora shows that she really cares for her children unlike Emma. Nora buys Christmas gifts for her children and plays hide-and-seek with them (61). Nora uses money to buy things for her children rather than herself showing that she doesn’t think just of herself. Nora tells her children â€Å"the strange man [Krogstad] won’t hurt Mama† (62). Emma is seen as a character foil of Nora with the fact that she does not care for her child. Her hatred for her daughter first emerges when she hoped to have son. Having a son would anticipate â€Å"revenge for all her earlier helplessness† (101). Emma felt that a woman is held back and helpless. At the sight of her newborn, Emma faints as wish for a son doesn’t come true (101). Emma doesn’t really care when she shoves Berthe into a chest of drawers and causes her to cry (124). Berthe Bovary is even thought of as â€Å"ugly† by her mother (124). Emma spends money for her own being in Madame Bovary. This shows that she only cares herself and no one else. The holes in Berthe’s stockings (272) show that Emma doesn’t even care for her own child. The love Emma shows for her daughter reveals her mendacity, not real affection. Relationships are a very important component in the two works. Besides the relationships with their children, the women experience relationships with their adult counterparts. Friendship is a theme expressed in both works. Nora has a few friends while Emma’s actions is a rationale for her not having friends. Nora’s friends include Dr. Rank and Mrs. Linde. Nora, who contrasts from the two for not having an occupation, is able to sustain a friendship. Emma has her dismissal of women with the reasons coming from the differences she sees. Emma also doesn’t have male friends with the fact that neither Leon nor Rodolphe really care about her while she believes they do. Women such as Madame Tuvache dislike women like Emma after witnessing her not being faithful to her husband. Tuvache even once claimed that Emma is â€Å"compromising herself† (104). The relationships with fathers had an impact on Nora and Emma’s lives. Both women were unhappy in their relationships with their fathers. Nora’s relationship with her father was best portrayed with her being a â€Å"doll† in his â€Å"doll house† (109). Emma’s relationship with her father was not a good relationship either. Being able to leave her father was at some sense, happy for Emma until her marriage. Work is seen as an issue and also another type of relationship with the women as well. Both women’s â€Å"work† came in the form of being a housewife. Nora’s role as a housewife seemed at times more satisfying than a role in manual labor. Emma’s role of a housewife was different as she paid more attention to only herself than her own family. Both women also had maids in helping to keep the household running. The love lives of Nora and Emma determine the motives each character possessed. In A Doll’s House, Torvald is seen giving Nora money from time to time. Nora seems truly happy with her marriage at first but it soon changes. At first Nora refers to herself as Torvald’s â€Å"little squirrel† (77) and shows no frustration with the marriage. Nora also uses a loan she received to take the trip with Torvald. Nora also realizes that her and Torvald have been having an unsuccessful marriage by not having serious talks (108-9). The feelings of remaining a â€Å"doll-child† played an important role in Nora’s decision (109-10). Nora hopes of the â€Å"miracle† (89-90, 93) never come and it results in her leaving her family. After Emma’s marriage with Charles, Emma realized that she did not really love Charles to begin with. The wedding bouquet (53, 83-4) that Emma later destroys shows the disappointment in her marriage. To satisfy her needs, Emma engages in affairs with Leon. After Leon’s departure, sorrow turns to happiness with a new affair with Rodolphe. Emma, who couldn’t accept Charles and his personality, failed to realize how he really felt about her. Emma’s death was an impact on Charles’ later demise. Nora from A Doll’s House and Emma from Madame Bovary are very strong female characters portrayed in literature. Happiness and freedom are the most important themes in both women’s lives. Striving for happiness and freedom came at a costly price, with death as Emma’s fate. Nora’s happiness lies within her â€Å"miracle† of a better marriage. Nora always seems to be happy when she really is frustrated and unhappy. Emma never experiences happiness as her attempts fail and result in her death. The feminine struggle continues with the failed marriages and shows a strong message. The struggle reveals that not being equal can cause damage to the lives of people and their surroundings. Works Cited Flaubert, Gustave. Madame Bovary. Trans. Mildred Marmur. New York: Penguin Group, 1979. Ibsen, Henrik. A Doll’s House. Four Major Plays. Trans. Rolf Fjelde. New York:

Peapod Service Quality: Gap Analysis and Recommendations Essay

One of the pioneers of online grocery delivery service, Peapod LLC was founded in 1989 even before the dot-com era by brothers Andrew and Thomas Parkinson to cater to people who wanted a more convenient way of shopping for groceries. (Peapod LLC, 2008) In its modest beginnings, Peapod’s founders were deeply involved in the business, even using their own cars to deliver costumer orders. (Ibid) Peapod then partnered with Jewel Food Stores, Safeway, Stop & Shop, Giant, and The Kruger Company before it was fully acquired by Royal Ahold in 2001. Today, Peapod is touted as a leader in the online grocery delivery service with over 120,000 registered customers. (Lunce, Lunce, & Maniam, 2006, p. 60) Management and Consumer Expectations Clearly, the Peapod’s success in a highly competitive internet-based marketing can be attributed to a management that is knowledgeable about consumer expectations. (Ibid) There is a good fit between management and consumer expectations. Undoubtedly, Peapod appeals to consumers because it enables them to â€Å"more efficiently screen alternatives so that they can focus on alternatives that match their preferences. (Andrews & Currim, 2004, p. 43) Online shopping is also associated with convenience, as it allows consumers to look for and order products â€Å"almost instantaneously using electronic agents that use information about an individual consumer’s specific preferences and the alternatives available. † (Ibid) At the same time, the internet platform allows Peapod to know more about consumer expectations and to use this information to improve operations and processes. Peapod’s Commitment to Service Quality Peapod’s business model itself speaks of the managements’ awareness about the behavior and preferences of its target market, and its commitment of quality service delivery: an online grocery store that delivers grocery products right into â€Å"higher income, higher opportunity cost of time, and time-starved† (Andrews & Currim, 2004, p. 43) households who conveniently order these online. Peapod has ensures that it maintains its captive consumer base through advertising and marketing strategies. The Peapod website, for instance, allows the company to communicate its main purpose of being more of a â€Å"time-saving service and not merely a shopping service† (Lunce, Lunce, & Maniam, 2006, p. 59) to consumers and also depends heavily on word-of-mouth advertising. Actual Service Quality Delivery and Communications Lunce, Lunce, and Maniam (2006) observe that Peapod has maximized the use of the internet to â€Å"change the shopping experience altogether. † (p. 0) This means that Peapod was able to fully automate customer service processes through its main website, including providing customers with the ability to compare product specifications, maintain a list of their preferred brands and types of products for faster transactions. Likewise, Peapod clearly tries to maintain a sense of quality through its employees, especially Peapod drivers involved in the delivery of the orders who are at the frontline of Peapod’s operations and customer interaction. (p. 61) Unfortunately, Peapod is not free from weaknesses. This is evident in Peapod’s logistics system, particularly on its ability to achieve timely deliveries, which could make the company suffer from an erosion of customer confidence in their services. Holmstrom, Tanskanen, and Kamarainen (1999) argue that the â€Å"weakness in Peapod’s service is receiving of the products† (p. 2) by the costumers, which is related to the company’s difficulties in working with tight time windows for delivery and receipt by the ordering household. For consumers, the concept of an online grocery also carries higher service quality expectations. For an online grocery delivery business, â€Å"it is likely that the narrower the time window and the more prompt the delivery is, the higher the customer satisfaction is, which has a positive influence upon the repeat purchase. † (Lunce, Lunce, & Maniam, 2006, p. 56) Based from the author’s personal experience, it has become more difficult to schedule a delivery in Peapod’s system because of the increased number of consumers who order groceries from the company. The encounter with difficulties in scheduling for the delivery was unanticipated, as a customer expects Peapod service to be as good based from company promotion and as attested by some of its customers. This reflects a gap in the Peapod’s actual service delivery vis-a-vis the concept of convenience that the company tries hard to communicate, which affects the consumers’ perception of Peapod’s overall service quality and customer responsiveness. If left unaddressed, this could result to a decline in repeat purchase from customers. Analysis and Recommendation At the core of Peapod’s delivery problems is the level of integration in the company’s operations from the online ordering process to delivery booking and scheduling. It should be noted that Peapod operates only in five key cities in the United States, using a hybrid distribution system wherein Peapod utilizes its own warehouse and distribution center in Chicago while exploiting the infrastructure of its brick-and-mortar supermarket partners Stop & Shop and Giant in other areas. Holmstrom, Tanskanen, and Kamarainen (1999) argue that while Peapod’s hybrid distribution network allows it to lower operating costs, Peapod still has to maximize this distribution network to make more prompt and efficient deliveries. (p. 3) Peapod currently offers two modes of delivery: attended and unattended delivery wherein customers have the option of personally receiving their orders or having their orders delivered although they are not home. (Lunce, Lunce, & Maniam, 2006, p. 6) However, both mechanisms pose constraints in terms of cost efficiency as â€Å"attended delivery requires a certain density of customers to reside within the target market† while unattended delivery requires a â€Å"high initial investment cost† but has a â€Å"low utilization rate, and slow growth of demand. † (Lunce, Lunce, & Maniam, 2006, p. 57) To address customer complaints about delivery difficulties, Peapod can enhance its existing delivery systems by increasing the number of its delivery personnel and transportation in order to better manage the increased bulk of orders. The company can also evaluate its existing employee training program to address gaps in the company’s human resources ability to meet higher customer service quality expectations and demands. Likewise, Peapod can also upgrade its service features to enable automatic order replenishment aside from the deliver-on-demand system. This would enable the company to integrate its business with the household economics of its target market and facilitate better delivery schedule planning. Holmstrom, Tanskanen, & Kamarainen, 1999, p. 2) The replenishment system, which is focused on grocery stock replenishment of Peapod’s loyal customers, would reduce the stress put on the delivery system by random orders and ensure that the company is able to meet consumer expectations. Clearly, the main gap in Peapod’s business is its inability to meet customer expectations on prompt delivery, which is caused by weaknesses in its distribution process. This affects the consumer perception of Peapod’s service quality, which in turn could have an adverse impact on company sales and profitability. Thus, the company needs to examine the efficiency of its existing distribution network and enhance its capacity to meet consumer expectations either through restructuring or improving the current distribution fleet, or develop a new mechanism which lessens random delivery pressure and enables the company to focus on its most loyal patrons.

Greenwashing Case Essay

â…  .Introduction An appreciation for environmental protection has matured steadily in recent decades. With increasing concerns over the environment comes an increasing popularity of greenwashing. Consequently, companies whose actions do not match their environmentally-friendly promotions may mislead consumers in terms of the environmental benefits of a product or service. This essay explores possible reasons of the visible boom in greenwashing and claims that Nike, a sportswear and equipment supplier, deserves the accusation of greenwashing. â… ¡.Reasons for Greenwashing Clearly, the widespread popularity of greenwashing arises in the pursuance of reputation and sales. A recent survey conducted by Advertising Age indicates that 78% of customers prefer eco-friendly corporations to companies that are reckless with the environmental issue (Berkeley Media Studies Group 2008, p.2). The result of this survey serves as an incentive for companies to greenwash. Moreover, greenwashing definitely yields fruitful results for these companies. In a survey conducted by Landor Associates, BP, a corporation being accused of greenwashing, is considered to be more environmentally friendly than its counterparts, with its voters surpassing that of Shell by 6 per cent (Solman 2008, p.24). Most importantly, greenwashing helps BP promote sales from 2004($192 billion) to 2006($266 billion) (Solman 2008, p.24). With such a prime example of greenwashing, no wonder other companies follow in BP’s footsteps. â… ¢.Nike’s official claims Nike claims that it regards environmental protection and humane management as part of their corporate responsibility. Primarily, several claims are made regarding environmental content of its products. Nike claims that T-shirts it sells in the US contain 3 per cent organic cotton and 90 per cent of its shoes are free from toxic glues, cleaners and solvents (Beder 2002, p.25). On top of that, it asserts that it eliminates the use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) from its shoes (Beder 2002, p.27). Furthermore, it also advertises regarding good working conditions and happy workers in a Vietnamese factory (Beder 2002, p.25). â… £.Analysis of Claims It is doubtful whether Nike really produces clothes with 3 per cent organic cotton and 90 per cent of shoes are without toxic glues, cleaners and solvents. Rather than manufacturing its own products, Nike is only responsible for designing and marketing them and there is no supervision of the manufacturing process (Beder 2002, p.27). Furthermore, in order to promote credibility, Nike has the claim endorsed by United Nations. However, it turns out that United Nations do no monitoring of the claim made by Nike, either (Beder 2002, p.26). Consequently, Nike has no certification for this claim it makes. Therefore, there is no guarantee that the official claim regarding the environmental-friendly content in sportswear will be more than empty rhetoric. Due to the lack of valid evidence and certification, Nike’s claim considering the sportswear’s content commits the â€Å"sin of no proof† (TerraChoice 2007, p.8). Nike’s claim regarding PVC-free shoes may not be a true reflection of the fact. In a press conference, Soon after Nike’s repeated assurance regarding the PVC-free shoes, Greenpeace (a reliable organization against PVC) has claimed that Nike’s search for an alternative substitute for PVC have barely begun (Beder 2002, p.27). Given the fact that research has not lasted long, it is very unlikely that Nike is manufacturing shoes that are free from PVC, which makes this claim turn out to be a false claim. Nike commits the â€Å"sin of fibbing† (TerraChoice 2007, p.9) . Inconsistent with its advertisement, workers may not be so happy and contented in the Nike’s factory since Nike is definitely unkind to them. Nike is deceptive regarding comfortable working conditions. Specifically, in Vietnamese Nike plants, workers are exposed to carcinogens at 177 times safe levels and paid $10 for a 65-hour work per week (Beder 2002, p.27). Such differences between Nike’s claims and its behaviors are called bluewashing, which is categorized as one kind of greenwashing. Bluewashing refers to corporations that wrap themselves in the flag of human rights and labor rights, while their actions are quite otherwise (Corpwatch 2001, p.2). Furthermore, there is no uniform definition of happiness. Not only does the company misuse workers, it also makes a vague commitment because happiness is a feeling that varies from person to person. Such ambiguity proves that Nike commits the â€Å"sin of vagueness† (TerraChoice 2007, p.9). â… ¤.Counter-Arguments While Nike fails to realize certain official claims, it improves the environment and sustainability. Specifically, Nike claims that materials used in shoeboxes are 100% recycled and these shoeboxes weigh 10% less than those made up of non-recyclable paper (Stoner 2006, p.4). Nike helps alleviate deforestation by using recycled materials, thereby contributing to sustainable development and environmental protection. On the other hand, while Nike spends $1.13 billion on advertising and promoting the reputation of its products in 2003, it only donates $100,000 since 1998 to education programs for Nike workers. Compared with charity, it seems that much more funds are invested in advertising. The endeavor to greenwash far outweighs the effort to assume social responsibility. Hence, Nike is still greenwashing. â… ¥.Conclusion Overall, this paper reports that there are some reasons for companies to greenwash and even though Nike makes some effort to protect the environment, it has every reason to be accused of greenwashing. The reasons for most companies whose actions do not conform to their environmentally-friendly claims are simple: the pursuits of profits and goodwill. Despite Nike’s contribution towards environmental conservation and sustainability, several official claims regarding working conditions of employees and raw materials of products lack of evidence and clarity. Owing to the proliferation of greenwashing, customers should consider the environmental impact rather than advertising and packaging when shopping. â… ¦.References Beder S, 2002, ‘Putting the Boot In’, The Ecologist, April, pp. 24-28. Berkeley Media Studies Group, 2008, ‘Food Marketers Greenwash Junk Food’, Adweek, March, pp.1-3 CorpWatch, 2001, ‘Greenwash Fact Sheet’, CorpWatch, pp.1-2 Solman G, 2008, ‘Coloring Public Opinion?’, Adweek. January.14, pp22-24 Stoner C, 2006, ‘Corporate Greenings: Nike’, Peakinsight, pp. 1-13 TerraChoice Environmental Marketing Inc. 2007, ‘The Six Sins of Greenwashing’, November, pp.1-12

The Environment And Effect On Human Health Environmental Sciences Essay

Polychlorinated Biphenyls are a group of manmade chemicals. They make up a group of two hundred and nine person chlorinated biphenyl rings, known as congeners. In the concentrated signifier, PCBs are oily liquids, oily solids, and clear to yellow in colour. ( EPA, 2012 ) . They have no odor or gustatory sensation. ( EPA, 2012 ) . They are really stable mixtures that are immune to extreme temperature and force per unit area. They have a low grade of responsiveness. PCBs are non flammable, have high electrical opposition, and are good dielectrics. ( Barbalace, 2002 ) PCBs were seen as an industrial discovery, because of its chemical belongingss. Before their prohibition in 1979, Polychlorinated biphenyls entered the environment during their industry and us in the United States. The organic chemicals were foremost manufactured by Monsanto in 1929. Prior to their prohibition, PCBs were used in 100s of industrial and commercial applications, as electrical dielectrics. Uses for PCBS included transformers, electrical equipment, hydraulic fluids, oil based pigment, carbonless C paper, compressors, heat transportation systems, pigments, adhesives, liquid cooled electric motors, fluorescent bulbs, overseas telegram insularity, plastic, and the list goes on. ( EPA, 2012 ) . Domestic utilizations included cereal boxes and bread negligees. Because of its function in prevent fires and an detonation, the chemical was required by fire codification. PCBs were seen as the ideal dielectric for companies and consumers. The qualities that make PCBs wanted by consumers and companies are besides the 1s that make it risky to the environment and human wellness. PCBs ‘ high thermal and chemical opposition means they do non interrupt down easy when exposed to heat or chemical interventions doing it to be difficult to acquire out of the environment. Since they do non interrupt down they remain in the environment and go on to construct up. Today, the chemicals can still be released in the environment through spills, leaks, and improper disposal and storage. More than half of the PCBs produced during 1929-1979 have been released into the environment. ( Barbalace, 2012 ) . Although PCBs are no longer commercially manufactured or widely used, there are still ways people can be exposed to concentrated Polychlorinated Biphenyls. The most common exposures include through nutrient, surface dirts, imbibing and land H2O, indoor air, and in the workplace. PCBs are an organic pollutant. Companies that used the substance contaminated the environment through its utilizations and disposals. In 1935, the Monsanto Company purchased the Theodore Swann chemical company and began fabricating PCBs in the United States. Monsanto continued to bring forth PCBs at its Anniston works until 1971. ( Lyons, 2004 ) . During its 40 old ages of fabricating PCBs as an electrical dielectric, the Monsanto Company flushed 10s of 1000s of lbs of PCBs into nearby brook and buried 1000000s more lbs in a hillside landfill. ( Lyons, 2004 ) . The Monsanto Company was sued by 1000s of current and former occupants of Anniston, who claim the company was cognizant of the dangers posed by PCBs and actively schemed to conceal this information from the nearby populace. ( Firestone, 2002 ) . In 1966, Monsanto directors discovered fish near the waste sites turned belly side up spirting blood and tear uping tegument, within 10 seconds of the PCBs disposal. ( Firestone, 2002 ) . The company hid their findings. In 1969, fish were found with 7500 times the legal PCB degree. ( Grunwald, 2002 ) . Company records reveal the company ‘s determination that â€Å" there was no ground to travel to expensive extremes in restricting discharge organize the works † . ( Grunwald, 2002 ) . The company was ordered to pay $ 53 million in killing cost and agreed to a planetary colony affecting current and future instances in Alabama. ( Lyons, 2004 ) . There are legion known contaminated sites around the U.S. Among the most unsafe of these, A is the Hudson River Valley. In 1947-1977, General Electric ( GE ) began dumping PCB in the river. By the prohibition in 1979, an estimated 1.3 million lbs of the man-made chemical had entered the Hudson river. The Hudson River was contaminated with PCB pollution. Twenty old ages subsequently, functionaries still have to cover with the environmental consequence of PCBs in the bedrocks of the Hudson River. ( Mele, 1998 ) . PCBs are now found throughout the Hudson River ecosystem, in in deposit, H2O, and wildlife. ( Mele, 1998 ) . The spread of PCBs throughout the Hudson River and the nutrient concatenation has created one of the most widespread, risky waste jobs in the nation.A The EPA ordered the General Electric Company to pay 460 million dollars to dredge the PCBs it had dumped into the Hudson River. ( Grunwald, 2002 ) . The Environmental Protection Agency Prevention regulates PCBs through the Toxic Substances Control Act ( TSCA ) . The Act bans the usage, distribution, industry, and processing of PCBs. TSCA gives EPA the authorization to develop and implement ordinances refering the industry, usage, killing, and proper disposal of PCBs. ( EPA, 2012 ) . Through the environment, worlds came into contact with the chemical. Polychlorinated Biphenyls are linked to legion wellness jeopardy. It has an acute toxic affect. Skin annoyances can happen in people exposed to high degrees of PCBs. Studies in the workplace suggest that exposure to PCBs may besides do annoyance of the nose and lungs. PCBs are a likely human carcinogen. EPAA?s ordinances on cancer-causing chemicals use the term `probableA? when a chemical is known to do malignant neoplastic disease in animate beings and where there is grounds that suggests that it causes malignant neoplastic disease in worlds but which is non conclusive. Surveies of PCBs in worlds have found increased rates of malignant neoplastic disease patients that may be connected to the man-made chemical. PCBs are known to do a assortment of types of malignant neoplastic disease in rats, mice, and other survey animate beings. ( EPA, 2012 ) Polychlorinated Biphenyls are linked to developmental effects. Proper development of the nervous system is critical for early acquisition and can hold potentially important deductions for the wellness of persons throughout their life-times. ( EPA, 2012 ) . Womans exposed to PCBs before or during gestation can give birth to kids with important neurological and motor control jobs. These jobs include lowered IQ and hapless short-run memory. ( EPA, 2012 ) . PCBs disrupt endocrine map. PCBs with merely a few Cl atoms can mime the bodyA?s natural endocrines. PCBs are besides thought to play a function in decreased sperm figure, reformed sex variety meats, pubescence, and altered sex ratios of kids. PCBs with more Cl atoms act like dioxins in changing the metamorphosis of sex steroids in the organic structure, which change the normal degrees of estrogens and testosterone. PCBs besides upset the balance of thyroid endocrines, which may impact the growing, rational, and behavioural development. ( EPA, 2012 ) . PCBs are found throughout the environment, and it may be impossible to avoid coming into contact with Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Peoples can seek avoiding contact with contaminated dirts and deposits. ( Wisconsin, 2012 ) . Practice good hygiene wonts. Restrict their ingestion of sport-caught fish. Wash fruits and veggies before eating them. Besides, if any member of the family works with old electrical equipment be certain the equipment is decently maintained and the country is good ventilated. ( Wisconsin, 2012 ) . Polychlorinated Biphenyls are a chemical that will non travel off. The Environmental Protection Agency is seeking their best to free the environment of its effects. The features of the man-made drug cause it to be transported easy and difficult to interrupt down. The drug has caused damaged to the environment, and the people around the environment. Polychlorinated Biphenyls will hold a lifetime consequence on the environment and people. Beginnings Barbalace, Roberta C. â€Å" The Chemistry of Polychlorinated Biphenyls. â€Å" A : PCB, The Manmade Chemicals That Wo n't Travel Away ( EnvironmentalChemistry.com ) . N.p. , n.d. Web. 27 Aug. 2012. & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/chemistry/pcb.html & gt ; . Environmental Protection Agency. â€Å" Polychlorinated Biphenyls. â€Å" A EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, n.d. Web. 7 Sept. 2012. & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/index.htm & gt ; . Firestone, David. â€Å" Alabama Jury Says Monsanto Polluted Town. â€Å" A The New York Times. N.p. , 23 Feb. 2002. Web. 7 Sept. 2012. & lt ; Alabama Jury Says Monsanto Polluted Town & gt ; . Grunwald, Michael. â€Å" Monsanto Held Liable For PCB Dumping. â€Å" A The Washington Post. Raw Food Info, 23 Feb. 2002. Web. 7 Sept. 2012. & lt ; Monsanto Held Liable For PCB Dumping & gt ; . Lyon, Steve. â€Å" PCB Pollution in Anniston, Alabama. † Reading.A Commonweal. Professor Raquel Pinderhughes. San Francisco State Unversity. Urban Studies and Environmental Programs, 2004. Web. 7 Sept. 2012. & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.commonweal.org/programs/brc/ppt-presentations/Anniston_AL_PCB.pdf & gt ; . â€Å" Human Health Hazards – PCBs and Your Health. â€Å" A Human Health Hazards – PCBs and Your Health. N.p. , n.d. Web. 7 Sept. 2012. & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/eh/hlthhaz/fs/pcblink.htm & gt ; . The Hudson River PCB Story – A Toxic Heritage. Dir. Andy Mele. W. Alton Jones Foundation, 1998. Short Film.A The Hudson River PCB Story – A Toxic Heritage. Web. 7 Sept. 2012. & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.clearwater.org/pcb.html & gt ; . â€Å" What Are The Human Health Effects Of PCBs? â€Å" A What Are The Human Health Effects Of PCBs? A N.p. , n.d. Web. 7 Sept. 2012. & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.clearwater.org/news/pcbhealth.html & gt ; .

Autobiography on Ernest Hemingway Essays - Ernest Hemingway

Autobiography on Ernest Hemingway Earnest Miller Hemingway was borin in Oak Park Illinois. After graduating from high school, he got a job at a paper called "Kansas City Star". Hemingway continually tried to enter the military, but his defective eye, hindered this task. Hemingway had managed to get a job driving an American Red Cross ambulance. During this expedition, he was injured and hospitalized. Hemingway had an affinity for a particular nurse at that hospital, her name was Agnes von Kurowsky. Hemingway continually proposed to her, and she continually denied. When Hemingway healed his injuries, he moved back to Michigan, and had wanted to write again. Hemingway married Hadley Richardson and was working in France, as a foreign corespondent, for the "Toronto Star". In 1925, he wrote a book called "In Our Time", which was marketed in New York. The next year he published a book called "The Sun Also Rises", a novel where he had his first success. The book deals with a group of desultory people in exile from France and Spain-members of the "lost generation", a phrase made famous by Hemingway himself. In post-war years, Hemingway spent most of his time writing books. But, when his first marriage failed, and produced a son, John, he had married Pauline Pfeiffer, who had his next 2 children. Based in Paris, he had travelled for skiing, bullfighting, fishing, or hunting that by then had become what most of his work was all about. Hemingway, started writing short stories, among them was "Men Without Women" in 1927, and "A Farewell to Arms" in 1929. This story ("A Farewell to Arms"), shows a lovestory within a war time setting. Many people believe that Hemingway, did his writing at this period of his life. He once confessed "If I had not been hunting and fishing, I would have probably been writing." (Hemingway 283 (3)). Hemingway's stories were based on adventure, and different aspects of it. His love of spain, and his love of bullfighting, led him to write a book called "Death in the Afternoon". During the 1930's, Spain was in a civil war, still having ties in Spain, Hemingway made 4 trips their. He raised money, for a party called the "Loyalists". He wrote a book about it called "The Fifth Column". In this book, the narrator is the protagonist. From more experience in spain, he wrote a book called "Whom the Bell Tolls" in 1940. This book was the most successful writing, based on sales of the book. All of Hemingway's life, has been fascinated by wars. For example, in "A Farewell to Arms", he focussed on how war had no meaning, and was futile. Following the war in Europe, Hemingway returned to his home in Cuba, and his fourth marriage was with Mary Welsh-a correspondent whom he had met in London and whom he would be married to for the last time. In 1953, Hemingway recieved a Pulitzer prize for his book "The Old Man and the Sea". As one critic put it "Hemingway was a cheerful, irascible, by turns generous, and selfish, expansive and egocentric. Hemingway was hedonistic and dedicated, in love with life and yet by his own admission obsessed with death." (Hemingway 221 (2)) By 1960, Hemingway was driven out of Cuba (Because of Castro), and moved to Finca, and then he moved to a house in Ketchum, Idaho. Hemingway was suffering from severe depression, and anxiety attacks. He had gone to the mayo clinic in Massachusettes, to recieve electro-shock therapy, but it didn't work out for him at all. Later that same year, Hemingway ended his life, with a shot gun. Bibliography 1)Baker, Carlos H. Hemmingway:A Life Story Scribner, 1969 2)Lynn, Kenneth S. Hemmingway Simon & Schuster, 1987 3)McDowell, Nicholas. Hemingway Rourke, 1989 4)Meyers, Jeffrey Hemingway:A Biography Harper, 1985 5)Lovelock, James Hemingway Harvard University Press, 1985

Show how waves transfer energy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Show how waves transfer energy - Assignment Example The movement, drift and transmission of waves as an entity between two points results in transfer of energy. For example, in case of the water waves in the oceans and on sea sides, a thrust is felt and water displaces the sand and other elements on the beach side. This is a case of waves transmitting the energy. A wave itself moves in the form of the crest and trough and each has its own altitude and moves through the different frequencies (Giordano, 2012, p. 446). The waves enable producing energy in a specific manner. This includes the concept of potential energy being brought into motion and then converted into the kinetic energy. Kinetic energy within the molecules, particles and object itself enable the excitement of electrons and eventually leads to production of energy. The deterministic variables in terms of waves measurement, intensity and its overall capacity includes elements such as the frequency, the amplitude, and wavelength of the overall waves. Each of these has its own measuring units. For example, in case of the electromagnetic waves, the electric and magnetic waves move along a 90 degree to one another. They come into force as a result of the electric and magnetic field production. They slightly differ from the mechanical waves and they do so on the account of vacuum against the open platform. The mechanical waves on the other hand are slightly different and are relatively subject to the object and material in which they are propagating. Mechanical waves may operate in the liquid as well as the solid state. Another term associated with the movement of waves is that of the refraction and reflection. In case of the electromagnetic waves refraction takes place on account of passing through between a dense to thin medium, reflection is the simple bouncing back of the waves from a particular medium within or against any other medium or object that it comes in touch with. In the

On a Daily Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On a Daily Activity - Essay Example College is not an easy matter, and great devotion is necessary in order to succeed. As I went out the door I saw the sun burning brightly, maybe to brightly. I never had a love for hot weather, and I probably never will. Close to the fence I saw my grandmother and she was talking to a person who I didn't know. She gave me one of her usually look, with her piercing brown eyes and sinister smile. "Going to school" she said. "Yes I am". "You have an exam session right now, correct" "Yes I do well" "I hope you don't mess up". "I hope so too". She always said that. Always. And I hated every single word of it. No matter how well I did, there was always the possibility that I might mess up. But, I would be wrong if I said that her words where without meaning. It was an exam session, and the exams were quite hard. I do have more faith in myself, than in my grandmother words, so I believed that I would prevail. As I was walking towards the train station, I thought about a very interesting dre am I had last night. It was a wonderful dream, or rather a memory. I was lying on a beach near a lake and my girlfriend was lying next to me, her slender body so close to me that made breathing a Herculaneum task. She raised her head and smiled at me, her smile beautiful as ever. "Don't you think we should go home" she said "Just for a little while. I'm not in a hurry to get back home." "I hope you're not. I would be very offended". And then she widened her smile- a smile so enchanting; it will make even the strongest man a mere weakling. I don't get to see my girlfriend very much. We are both on college and they both have different responsibilities. I wish I could spend more time with her, but I guess you can get always what you want. I arrived at the train station and at first sight there wasn't anyone that I knew. I was entertaining myself with my MP3 player, as I am used to traveling and being alone, not including the presence of my close friends and girlfriend. Suddenly I heard a familiar voice. It was Christine, a girl I went to high school with, and I should say she was quite attractive that day. With her slender body, lovely smile and eyes that can seduce a god, she could have any man she wants. But I wasn't interested in her, nor I believe she was interested in me. "Hey, how are you doing I haven't seen you in a while. You look great!" "Thanks Christine. You look great as well, as always. Look, is the train going to be late The train during this time is usually late." "No I don't think so. They said that it was going to be on time. So are you going alone" "Yes I am a. What about you" "I met up with some of our old friends from high school and I am going with them. You can join us, of course." "Thanks. I will just a second." I went and I bought a newspaper. As usual there was nothing interesting to see. It was just your usual falling economy and various wars that exist in the world. The train came on time, just as Christine said. As usual, the train wa s crowded and there was nowhere to sit. We had to stand all the way to our final destination. As usual I indulged myself in my newspaper and the music coming out from my MP3 player. I was never a conversationalist and I didn't join the conversations that my former schoolmates were having. Caught and confined into a very small space, I waited for our hour-long journey to end.  Ã‚  

Appraisal of foreign direct investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Appraisal of foreign direct investment - Essay Example A review of capital structure of FUSE plc has also been undertaken. Foreign direct investment implies transfer of capital, managerial, and technical assets by a multinational entity from the country where it is based to the country where investment is made. FDI may involve participation by the host country in equity capital, managerial control, and operational control. FDI decisions are complex issues as FDI projects are subjected to a variety of risk factors. For the case under study the FUSE plc has set up certain criterion for taking a decision for investment in a power generating project in Pajistan. The basic rule for investment decisions is that the internal rate of return on the project should be greater than the weighted marginal cost of the investment. The rule dictates that â€Å"accept projects up to the point at which the marginal return on an investment equals its weighted cost of capital. Beyond that point, its investment return will be less than its capital cost.† (Lawrence J. Gitman, page 519)i However, the investment criterio n of FUSE Plc for investment in emerging market like Pajistan is three fold as under: As per above criterion of investment, the computations of hurdle rate become imperative. Hurdle rate is the â€Å"minimum acceptable rate of return for a proposed project to merit investment. Usually, the hurdle rate is the opportunity cost of capital or the best return the company could get by investing the capital elsewhere. To be financially justifiable, a project’s internal rate of return must exceed the hurdle rate set by the firm for such project.†(Paul M. Swamidass, page 286)ii FUSE plc has set its hurdle rate for Pajistan project at 5% above the weighted cost of average capital to the company. Accordingly computations of WACC are important to devise the required hurdle rate. It is important to note that â€Å"cost of capital is the rate of return that a firm must earn on the projects, in which it invests to maintain the

HR Manager Interview in the Health Care Field Essay

HR Manager Interview in the Health Care Field - Essay Example This importance has however not been entirely appreciated as evidence from around the world points to a scenario where doctors or clinicians are left to manage healthcare facilities especially in developing countries where the need to professionalize human resource management is just beginning to dawn (Hongoro & McPacke, 2004). Due to the importance of human resource in the quality of healthcare provision, there is a clear need to study the state of human resource management in the healthcare sector. An appraisal of human resource management in health care can best be undertaken through an interview of a practicing health care human resource manager. This way, the background of health care human resource management, management styles, its roles and responsibilities, challenges faced and emerging issues can be discerned and a conclusion reached on human resource management in health care. ... According to this manager, the position requires qualified personnel who understand all the tenets of human resource management from conducting job analyses, drafting job descriptions, reward management and compensation among other duties and responsibilities that do necessitate specialized and professional expertise. The human resource manager pointed that a typical background for human resource management is thus interdisciplinary; demonstrating adeptness gained from social sciences, business administration and behavioral background. Good interpersonal skills are also necessary further demonstrating the need for a professionally trained human resource manager. Human Resource Management Styles in Healthcare The management style adopted in any organization or department is crucial for achievement of success in terms of meeting organizational or departmental goals. The style of management in place depends to a large extent on the resources available, knowledge, people skills and the d esired results. Human Resource Management (2011) identifies three styles of management; participatory, directing and teamwork style. The participatory style of leadership involves managers delegating duties to employees and requires a workforce that clearly understands their job roles. The directive style is a top-down approach to management which is especially important in cases where deadlines have to be met. Teamwork involves pooling of knowledge at ones disposal in a give-and-take cooperative manner. All these styles have their strengths and flaws and it is the responsibility of a manger to select the most effective. From the interview, the healthcare human resource

William James. Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

William James. Psychology - Essay Example He wanted to show that sometimes it is justifiable to hold beliefs that are not supported by sufficient evidence (Cronk; James â€Å"The Will To Believe and Other Essays†; James â€Å"A History†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ). It was tackled that it was not a matter of either choosing A or not A as long as you made a passionate decision. Everything do have an explanation, whether it is readily available or yet to be discovered. Whether a hypothesis that is being believed by a person is â€Å"alive† or â€Å"dead† that person still believes on something in his advocacy. The passion within that person will make him strive more to seek for answers and ideas to be tested as to whether or not what he believes in holds true or not. Most of the time, he seek more supporting ideas that will make his belief more justifiable to non-believers. What needs to be done is to follow the passion and let it decide. The passion that had been acquired reflects a universal acquired wisdom and learn ed lessons (Cronk; James â€Å"The Will To Believe and Other Essays†; James â€Å"A History†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ).... m, â€Å"that truth exists, and that our minds can find it.† Though dogmatism has also its own ways of belief, an absolutist way and an empiricist way. The absolutist way is more on the philosophical side as it has everything going on its way. It is considered at times as fine in deal however at times is practically impossible to obtain. The empiricist way, on the other hand, is more scientific and should be adopted by people as it replaces subjective certainty with what continuous thinking confirms such entity. James admitted that he himself is an empiricist with regards to his theory on human knowledge (Cronk; James â€Å"The Will To Believe and Other Essays†; James â€Å"A History†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ). Often taken as synonymous in command, James separates one important aspect in knowing the truth and avoiding the error; avoiding the error at all cost means failing to adopt a hypothesis which may, in the long run, turn out to be true. When a new idea emerges, sometimes a person is very excited to finally know the truth. However, sometimes when such does not connive with a previous study, the latter would be avoided or sometimes considered as an error. Nowadays, this kind of hesitation makes a person in denial of the truth though it is presented unto him. That person tends to look for further answers to support his hypothesis. This way of thinking is a matter of yielding something that could be true rather than â€Å"dead†. (Cronk; James â€Å"The Will To Believe and Other Essays†; James â€Å"A History†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ). According to James, when a person is in doubt, â€Å"do not decide, but leave the question open.† At this point, when one does such action, he himself made a passionate decision just by being unsure. He entertains thoughts on proving the truthfulness of either A or not A. This

The Uses of Spatial Analysis In Organization Research Paper

The Uses of Spatial Analysis In Organization - Research Paper Example the visual viewpoint phenomenon’s spatial distribution, it is very important that the available patterns are translated into measurable considerations and objective. While White & Engelen (1997), give their description of what spatial analysis is Miller, (2004), asserts that it involves all of the formal mechanisms that are used in the study of entities by the use of geometric properties, geographic properties or even topological properties. Spatial analysis as a phrase means various or different mechanisms, whereby majority are still in the initial stages of development, by the use of various analytic methods and used in different areas like astronomy, where it is used in the studies of the galaxies’ positioning in the cosmos, and chipping of fabrication engineering. Moreover, it is always used in a much constricted sense in the description of the mechanisms that are used in the structures at the scale of humans, particularly in the appraisal of the geographic data. So metimes, it is even used in referring to particular mechanism in one research area like the description of geostatistics (Goodchild, 1987). In their article, Fotheringham & Rogerson (1993), say that there are some complicated issues that normally come up in this kind of analysis, whereby most of them seem not to be defined in a clear manner, as well as not resolved well, however, they form the foundation for the present research. The one that appears to be the most critical one is the difficulty of the definition of the specific location of the entity’s that are being investigated. For instance, when we take a look at the study on the health of human beings, we find that the position of individuals could be defined with a point or mark put at their dwelling place, or even with a mark that is put... This essay stresses that it continues using it as companies usually change tactics that can make or enable then remain relevant and survive in the market. This is a strategy that can help in identifying the competitors even if they change tactics by changing names and locations so as to bring confusion. It should be the sole responsibility of the top management of the company to ensure that the researches using this model are continued or maintained by investing heavily in it so as to give it the necessary support, as its results or benefits are clear. The company uses this method of study in trying to find the best place that it can set its branches so as to avoid making mistakes. On the other hand, it also enables the company to maintain the relative strategies of location, such as taking into consideration the competitor’s location. This paper makes a conclusion that business is just as dirty game as politics and being smarter is the only key to success. It is true that different companies try to outdo each other and the best thing is always to adopt the most appropriate strategies so as to come out on top of the others. The path that Wells Fargo took of doing research using the spatial strategy is a good one and has appeared fruitful. The company has been able to identify the most appropriate places of setting up its branches as well as finding out the location of its major competitors.